In a Chapter 13 bankruptcy, many “unsecured” debts can be discharged at the end of the repayment plan, but not all debts qualify. Whether a particular debt is dischargeable depends on (1) the type of debt (secured vs. unsecured; priority vs. non-priority), (2) whether it was properly listed and treated in the plan, and
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Overview: Debts that may be discharged in Chapter 13
In a Chapter 13 bankruptcy, many “unsecured” debts can be discharged at the end of the repayment plan, but not all debts qualify. Whether a particular debt is dischargeable depends on (1) the type of debt (secured vs. unsecured; priority vs. non-priority), (2) whether it was properly listed and treated in the plan, and (3) whether the debt is the kind that bankruptcy law excludes from discharge.
Common categories that are often dischargeable
Generally, Chapter 13 can discharge many unsecured debts such as credit card balances, medical bills, personal loans, and certain past-due amounts owed to general creditors—especially if they are paid through the Chapter 13 plan and the debtor completes the plan terms. Some debts may be partially discharged (for example, if the creditor’s claim is treated as unsecured after collateral is considered).
Debts commonly not dischargeable (or harder to discharge)
Certain debts are typically not dischargeable in Chapter 13, including: most domestic support obligations (like child support and alimony); many tax debts that do not meet specific timing/eligibility rules; debts incurred through fraud or willful/malicious injury (often treated as nondischargeable); and certain criminal restitution obligations. Also, if a creditor is not properly scheduled or receives inadequate notice, discharge outcomes can be affected.
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